Chemical Centrifugal Pumps:

Chemical centrifugal pumps work on the principle of centrifugal force. The rotating impeller accelerates the liquid, creating a pressure difference that drives the flow. They are highly efficient in moving large quantities of chemicals.

These pumps are constructed with materials that can withstand chemical corrosion and abrasion, ensuring a long service life in harsh chemical environments.

Their design is relatively simple, which makes operation and maintenance relatively straightforward.

Chemical Magnetic Pumps:

Chemical magnetic pumps use magnetic coupling instead of traditional mechanical seals. This unique design completely eliminates the risk of leakage, making them the preferred choice for handling highly toxic or hazardous chemicals.

Since there are no seals to wear out, they offer enhanced safety and environmental protection.

However, due to the limitations of magnetic coupling technology, their flow rate is generally lower compared to centrifugal pumps.

Chemical Submersible Pumps:

Chemical submersible pumps are designed to be fully submerged in the liquid being pumped.

This feature makes them extremely space-efficient as they don't require additional space above the liquid level.

They are often used in applications such as pumping from underground tanks or pits.

They are built to be highly resistant to corrosion as they are constantly in contact with the liquid. Their self-contained design also simplifies installation.

Self priming chemical pumps:

Self priming chemical pumps are characterized by their ability to start pumping without the need for external priming.

This saves significant amounts of time and effort, especially in operations where the pump may be started and stopped frequently.

They are highly suitable for applications with intermittent or variable pumping demands.

They enhance the operational flexibility and productivity of chemical plants by quickly adapting to changing pumping requirements.

Conclusion:

Chemical centrifugal pumps are known for high-volume and adjustable flow transfer.

Chemical magnetic pumps focus on leak-free and safe operation for hazardous chemicals.

Chemical submersible pumps are space-saving and ideal for submerged applications.

Self priming chemical pumps offer convenience and flexibility in pumping schedules.

Each type serves specific needs in the chemical pumping industry, and choosing the right pump depends on the particular requirements of the chemical process and the working environment.

I. Introduction

Centrifugal pumps play a vital role in industrial production. They are widely used in numerous industries such as chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, electric power, and metallurgy, serving as the key equipment for fluid transportation. In industrial production lines, centrifugal pumps can ensure the continuity and stability of the technological process, providing a continuous supply of liquid or gas for many production links. Their highly efficient transportation capabilities, enabling the conveyance of a large amount of media with relatively low energy consumption, are of great significance for improving industrial production efficiency and reducing costs. Moreover, in some special environments, centrifugal pumps can effectively prevent leakage and pollution through the selection of sealing structures and materials, thus ensuring production safety.

Given the indispensability of centrifugal pumps in industrial production, it is particularly necessary to explore the factors that affect the working efficiency of centrifugal pumps. Only by having a in-depth understanding of these factors can we better optimize the performance of centrifugal pumps and improve their working efficiency, thereby bringing greater benefits to industrial production.

II. Factors Affecting the Working Efficiency of Centrifugal Pumps

(I) Pump Efficiency Itself

Among the many factors affecting the working efficiency of centrifugal pumps, the efficiency of the pump itself plays a fundamental role. Under the same working conditions, the efficiencies of different centrifugal pumps may vary by more than 15%. This is because different pumps differ in aspects such as design, manufacturing process, and material selection. Some high-quality centrifugal pumps are more reasonably designed and can better adapt to the working environment, thus improving the working efficiency. However, some low-quality pumps may have problems such as unreasonable structures and non-durable materials, resulting in low efficiency.

(II) Operating Conditions

The operating conditions of centrifugal pumps also have a significant impact on their working efficiency. When the operating conditions of a centrifugal pump are below the rated conditions, the pump efficiency will decrease and the energy consumption will be high. This is because when operating below the rated conditions, the parameters such as flow rate and head of the pump cannot reach the optimal state, thus leading to a decline in efficiency. For example, in actual production, if the flow rate demand of a centrifugal pump is less than the rated flow rate, the pump may operate in a low-efficiency area, wasting energy.

(III) Motor Efficiency

The motor efficiency basically remains unchanged during operation. Therefore, it is crucial to select a high-efficiency motor. A high-efficiency motor can provide stable power for the centrifugal pump, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire pump unit. If the motor efficiency is low, even if the centrifugal pump itself has a high efficiency, the working efficiency will also be affected due to insufficient power.

(IV) Mechanical Efficiency

Mechanical efficiency is mainly related to the quality of design and manufacturing. After the pump is selected, the impact of subsequent management on mechanical efficiency is relatively small. High-quality design and manufacturing can ensure close cooperation between the various components of the centrifugal pump, reducing mechanical friction losses and improving mechanical efficiency. However, if there are defects in the design or manufacturing, it may lead to an increase in friction between the components, reducing the mechanical efficiency.

(V) Hydraulic Losses

Hydraulic losses include hydraulic friction and local resistance losses. With the increase in the running time of the centrifugal pump, the surfaces of components such as impellers and guide vanes will gradually wear, which will lead to a decrease in hydraulic efficiency. For example, the wear on the surface of the impeller will cause more vortices and resistance in the liquid flow process, thereby increasing hydraulic losses. In addition, local resistance losses will also increase with the unreasonable layout of the pipeline.

(VI) Volumetric Losses

Volumetric losses, also known as leakage losses, are related to design, manufacturing, and subsequent management. During the operation of the centrifugal pump, the friction between components will cause the gaps to increase, thereby reducing the volumetric efficiency. For example, the increase in the gaps in areas such as the impeller seal ring, between stages, and the axial force balance mechanism will increase the liquid leakage, reduce the output flow of the pump, and further affect the working efficiency.

(VII) Other Factors

In addition to the above factors, there are also some other factors that can affect the working efficiency of centrifugal pumps. For example, the blockage of the filter tank and the entry of air into the pipeline will cause cavitation and idling. Insufficient preparation work before starting will cause the cavitation phenomenon, reducing the pump efficiency. The blockage of the filter tank will lead to a decrease in the liquid flow rate, increasing the load on the pump and reducing the efficiency. The entry of air into the pipeline will cause bubbles to form in the pump, affecting the normal transportation of the liquid and even causing the pump to fail to work. If the basic operating procedures such as warming the pump, turning the pump by hand, and priming the pump are not thoroughly executed before starting, the cavitation phenomenon will occur when the pump is started, causing the pump to produce loud noise and severe vibration, reducing the pump efficiency.

III. Strategies for Improving the Working Efficiency of Centrifugal Pumps

(I) Selecting Appropriate Centrifugal Pumps

Select centrifugal pumps whose parameters are close to the actual operating conditions to ensure operation in a high-efficiency state.

When selecting a centrifugal pump, the actual operating conditions should be fully considered to ensure that the parameters of the selected pump match the actual requirements. For example, according to the required flow rate, head, and other parameters, referring to the types and selection principles of centrifugal pumps, select from different types such as single-stage centrifugal pumps, multi-stage centrifugal pumps, vertical centrifugal pumps, and submersible centrifugal pumps. If the flow rate demand is large and the head requirement is not high, a single-stage centrifugal pump can be selected; if high heat and high-pressure transportation are required, a multi-stage centrifugal pump is more appropriate. At the same time, the appropriate pump material should be selected according to the characteristics of the liquid. For example, corrosion-resistant materials should be selected for corrosive liquids to ensure the pump's long-term stability.

(II) Applying Energy-saving Technologies

The frequency conversion energy-saving technology can make the pump always operate in the high-efficiency area.

The frequency conversion speed regulation technology is one of the important means to improve the efficiency of centrifugal pumps. By adjusting the frequency of the motor, the rotational speed of the pump can be changed according to the actual operating conditions, enabling the pump to maintain high-efficiency operation under different loads. For example, when the production load decreases, the rotational speed of the motor is reduced, thereby reducing the flow rate and head of the pump, avoiding energy waste under low loads. For centrifugal pumps whose design parameters are greater than the actual operating conditions, after installing the frequency conversion speed regulation device, they can always operate in the high-efficiency area, effectively improving the energy utilization efficiency.

Promote the application of new energy-saving products such as permanent magnet speed regulation motors and dual-power motors.

New energy-saving motors such as permanent magnet speed regulation motors and dual-power motors have higher efficiency and stability. They can provide more reliable power for centrifugal pumps and reduce energy losses. Promoting the application of these new energy-saving products on major centrifugal pumps can significantly improve the efficiency of the entire pump unit and reduce running costs.

(III) Strictly Following Operating Procedures

Before starting, do a good job of turning the pump by hand, priming the pump, and other preparation work to prevent the cavitation phenomenon.

Strictly follow the operating procedures of the centrifugal pump. Before starting, turn the pump by hand, open the inlet valve, close the outlet valve perform exhaust and venting operations, and check whether the inlet pressure of the pump meets the requirements. This can effectively prevent the cavitation phenomenon caused by low supply liquid pressure and insufficient flow rate. Cavitation will cause the pump to produce loud noise and severe vibration, reducing the pump's efficiency. Therefore, doing a good job of preparation work before starting is crucial.

Regularly clean the filter tank to ensure the smoothness of the inlet liquid pipeline.

Regularly clean the filter tank and check the pipeline connections to avoid problems such as filter tank blockage and pipeline air entry. The blockage of the filter tank will lead to a decrease in the liquid flow rate, increasing the load on the pump and reducing the efficiency; the entry of air into the pipeline will cause bubbles to form in the pump, affecting the normal transportation of the liquid. Ensuring the smoothness of the inlet liquid pipeline can ensure the stable operation of the centrifugal pump and improve the working efficiency.

(IV) Regularly Conducting Detection and Maintenance

Regularly conduct pump efficiency detection on centrifugal pumps and promptly find out the reasons and solve the problems.

Regularly conduct pump efficiency detection on centrifugal pumps to be able to promptly discover the problem of pump efficiency decline. When the pump efficiency decreases, the reasons should be promptly found out. It may be due to the wear of components such as impellers and guide vanes, resulting in an increase in hydraulic losses, or the increase in the gaps between components, causing an increase in volumetric losses. Corresponding measures should be taken for different problems, such as repairing or replacing the worn components, adjusting the gaps, etc., to restore the high-efficiency operation of the pump.

IV. Conclusion

The working efficiency of centrifugal pumps is affected by multiple factors. Through the analysis of these factors and the adoption of corresponding improvement strategies, the working efficiency of centrifugal pumps can be effectively improved, ensuring that they play a greater role in industrial production.

The factors affecting the working efficiency of centrifugal pumps mainly include pump efficiency itself, operating conditions, motor efficiency, mechanical efficiency, hydraulic losses, volumetric losses and other factors. In actual application, it is necessary to comprehensively consider these factors and adopt scientific management and maintenance measures to improve the working efficiency of centrifugal pumps.

To improve the working efficiency of centrifugal pumps, the following strategies can be adopted:

Selecting appropriate centrifugal pumps: Select centrifugal pumps whose parameters are close to the actual operating conditions to ensure operation in a high-efficiency state. At the same time, select the appropriate pump material according to the characteristics of the liquid.

Applying energy-saving technologies: Adopt frequency conversion energy-saving technology to make the pump always operate in the high-efficiency area. Promote the application of new energy-saving products such as permanent magnet speed regulation motors and dual-power motors.

Strictly following operating procedures: Before starting, do a good job of turning the pump by hand, priming the pump, and doing other preparation work to prevent the cavitation phenomenon. Regularly clean the filter tank to ensure the smoothness of the inlet liquid pipeline.

Regularly conducting detection and maintenance: Regularly conduct pump efficiency detection on centrifugal pumps and promptly find out the reasons and solve the problems.

It is of great importance to conduct scientific management and maintenance of centrifugal pumps. This not only can improve the working efficiency of centrifugal pumps, and reduce energy consumption, but also can extend the service life of centrifugal pumps, reduce equipment maintenance costs, and bring greater benefits to industrial production. In actual operation, it is necessary to strictly follow the operating procedures, regularly conduct detection and maintenance, promptly discover and solve problems, and ensure that the centrifugal pump is always in a good working state.

When it comes to purchasing chemical pumps from Chinese foreign trade independent websites on Google, there are several important aspects that foreign buyers need to pay close attention to. With the globalization of trade and the wide range of options available online, ensuring a smooth and successful procurement process is crucial. This blog will guide you through the essential considerations to make your buying experience efficient and satisfactory.

Ⅰ.Product Quality and Specifications

The first and foremost concern is the quality and specifications of the chemical pump. Make sure to thoroughly research the technical details provided on the website. Look for information such as the pump's flow rate, head pressure, material of construction, and compatibility with the specific chemicals you will be using. A reliable website will have detailed product descriptions and may even offer technical datasheets or brochures. For example, if you are dealing with corrosive chemicals, the pump should be made of suitable corrosion-resistant materials like stainless steel or certain polymers. Don't hesitate to contact the seller and ask for clarification if any of the specifications are unclear. You can say something like, "Could you please provide more details about the maximum flow rate this pump can achieve under specific pressure conditions?" This way, you can ensure that the pump meets your exact operational requirements.

Ⅱ.Supplier Reputation and Reliability

It's essential to assess the reputation and reliability of the Chinese supplier. Check for customer reviews and testimonials on the website or on other independent review platforms. Look for signs of long-term business operation and positive feedback from previous buyers. A supplier with a good track record is more likely to provide quality products and reliable after-sales service. You can also search for the supplier's name on Google along with keywords like "scam" or "complaints" to see if there have been any negative reports. Additionally, consider the supplier's response time and communication skills. A prompt and clear response to your inquiries indicates a professional and committed business partner. For instance, if you send an email asking about the delivery time and the supplier replies within 24 hours with a detailed and helpful answer, it gives you more confidence in their service.

Ⅲ.Pricing and Payment Terms

Compare prices among different suppliers to ensure you are getting a competitive deal. However, be cautious of extremely low prices, as they may indicate inferior quality or potential hidden costs. Understand the pricing structure clearly, including whether it includes shipping, taxes, and any other fees. When it comes to payment terms, look for secure payment methods. Avoid making payments through unsecured channels or to unknown accounts. Reputable suppliers usually offer options like PayPal, credit cards, or bank transfers through well-known international banking institutions. For example, if a supplier only asks for payment via a personal bank account in a less-known local bank, it could be a red flag. Make sure to have a written agreement or invoice that clearly states the payment terms and the total cost before making any payments.

Ⅳ.Shipping and Delivery

Shipping is a crucial aspect as it affects the overall cost and delivery time. Inquire about the shipping methods available, such as air freight or sea freight, and the estimated delivery time for each option. Consider the location of the supplier and your own destination to calculate the approximate shipping cost. Also, ask about the packaging of the chemical pump to ensure it will arrive in good condition. Some pumps may require special packaging to prevent damage during transit. For example, if you are ordering a large and heavy-duty pump, it might need to be crated and secured properly. You can ask the supplier, "What kind of packaging do you use to protect the pump during shipping? And can you provide insurance in case of any damage?" Additionally, track the shipment once it is dispatched and stay in communication with the shipping company or the supplier to be updated on its progress.

Ⅴ.Customs and Import Regulations

Before making a purchase, familiarize yourself with the customs and import regulations of your own country regarding chemical pumps. Different countries may have specific requirements regarding product certifications, safety standards, and import duties. Ensure that the pump you are buying complies with these regulations. The supplier may be able to provide some assistance in this regard, such as providing the necessary documentation like certificates of origin or quality certificates. For example, if your country requires a certain safety certification for chemical pumps, make sure the supplier can supply the relevant paperwork. Failure to comply with customs regulations can lead to delays, additional costs, or even the confiscation of the goods.

Ⅵ.After-sales Service and Warranty

A good supplier should offer after-sales service and a warranty. Find out what kind of after-sales support is available, such as technical assistance in case of installation or operation problems. The warranty period and its coverage are also important. A longer warranty period generally indicates the supplier's confidence in their product. For example, if a pump comes with a one-year warranty that covers parts and labor for manufacturing defects, it gives you peace of mind. In case of any issues during the warranty period, know the process for making a claim and how quickly the supplier will respond and resolve the problem.

Ⅶ.Language and Cultural Barriers

Since you are dealing with a Chinese supplier, language and cultural differences may arise. Ensure that the supplier has English-speaking staff or at least a reliable translation service. Clear communication is vital to avoid misunderstandings. For example, certain technical terms or business jargon may have different translations or interpretations. Be patient and take the time to clarify any points that might be confusing. Also, be aware of cultural differences in business practices. For instance, in Chinese business culture, building a good relationship and mutual trust is often emphasized. So, maintaining a friendly and respectful attitude throughout the communication process can help in establishing a better business connection.

Ⅷ.Sample Order Option

If possible, consider placing a sample order first. This allows you to test the quality and performance of the chemical pump before making a large bulk purchase. A sample order can also give you an idea of the supplier's packaging, shipping speed, and overall service quality. However, make sure to clarify the terms of the sample order, including the cost, whether it is refundable if you decide to place a larger order, and the expected delivery time. For example, you could say, "If we place a sample order, will the cost be deducted from a future bulk order? And how long will it take to receive the sample?"

Ⅸ.Intellectual Property Rights

Verify that the chemical pump you are purchasing does not infringe on any intellectual property rights. Ensure that the supplier has the legal right to produce and sell the product. This is especially important to avoid any legal issues in your own country. You can ask the supplier for proof of their intellectual property ownership or authorization. For example, if the pump is a patented design, the supplier should be able to provide documentation showing that they have the proper license to manufacture and sell it.

Ⅹ.Data Security and Privacy

When making online transactions and sharing your personal and business information with the supplier, be concerned about data security and privacy. Ensure that the website has proper security measures in place, such as SSL encryption. Also, ask the supplier about their data protection policies. For example, how they store and handle your contact information, payment details, and any other sensitive data. A reliable supplier will have measures to safeguard your information and will be transparent about their data handling practices.

Purchasing chemical pumps from Chinese foreign trade independent websites on Google can be a convenient and cost-effective option for foreign buyers. However, by carefully considering the above-mentioned points, you can minimize risks and ensure a successful procurement. From product quality and supplier reputation to shipping, customs regulations, and after-sales service, each aspect plays a significant role in the overall buying process. By doing your due diligence and maintaining clear communication with the supplier, you can obtain the right chemical pump for your needs and build a good business relationship for future transactions.

In the chemical industry, there are many types of liquid chemicals, including acids, alkalis, solvents, viscous liquids and corrosive media. The physical and chemical properties of these chemicals vary greatly. Choosing the right chemical pump is the key to ensuring safe, efficient production and durable equipment. In this article, Anhui Changyu Pump and Valve Manufacturing Co., Ltd. will introduce the various types of chemical pumps and their characteristics suitable for conveying different chemicals (such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, strong alkali, etc.) to help companies optimize equipment selection.

1.Main classification and characteristics of chemical pumps

Chemical pumps can be divided into the following categories according to their design and scope of application:

Centrifugal pump

Features: Suitable for liquids with low viscosity, no particles or a small amount of particles. Large flow rate and stable operation.

Application: Widely used for conveying water-based chemicals, dilute acids and alkalis.

Magnetic drive pump (magnetic pump)

Features: No mechanical seal, completely avoid leakage, suitable for volatile, flammable or highly corrosive media.

Application: Suitable for conveying strong acids (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid), strong alkalis, organic solvents, etc.

Gear pump

Features: Suitable for conveying high-viscosity liquids, stable flow rate and strong adaptability.

Application: Used to transport high-viscosity media such as lubricating oil, polymers, resins, asphalt, etc.

Diaphragm pump

Features: It adopts diaphragm design, can be used for highly corrosive or particulate chemicals, and has self-priming ability.

Application: Suitable for transporting complex media such as strong acids, strong alkalis, coatings, mud, etc.

Screw pump

Features: Suitable for transporting high-viscosity, uniform liquids, stable operation and low noise.

Application: Used to transport viscous liquids, emulsions and certain special chemicals.

Self-priming pump

Features: It has self-priming function and is suitable for extracting media with low liquid level.

Application: Used in sewage treatment, solvent transportation and other occasions.

2. Select chemical pumps according to chemical characteristics

Acidic chemicals (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid)

Challenge: Acidic media are highly corrosive and have extremely high requirements for pump body materials.

Recommended pump type:

Magnetic pump: Use corrosion-resistant materials such as fluoroplastics and stainless steel to avoid leakage and corrosion.

Diaphragm pump: The diaphragm material can be selected from Teflon (PTFE), which is resistant to strong acids.

Chemical centrifugal pump: Use alloy or highly corrosion-resistant materials.

Alkaline chemicals (such as sodium hydroxide, ammonia)

Challenge: Strong alkaline media are corrosive to the pump body and seals, and alkali-resistant materials must be selected.

Recommended pump type:

Magnetic pump: alkali-resistant design to avoid contact leakage.

Diaphragm pump: suitable for conveying medium and high concentration alkali liquid.

Organic solvents (such as toluene, acetone, ethanol)

Challenge: Solvents are volatile and flammable, have high requirements for sealing, and have a dissolving effect.

Recommended pump type:

Magnetic pump: no mechanical seal, eliminate the risk of leakage.

Stainless steel gear pump: used for high viscosity solvent delivery.

Chemical self-priming pump: used for low liquid level solvent delivery.

High viscosity chemicals (such as resins, polymers, greases)

Challenge: High viscosity, poor fluidity, ordinary pumps are prone to clogging or low efficiency.

Recommended pump type:

Screw pump: stable delivery of high viscosity liquids, strong adaptability.

Gear pump: suitable for constant flow, high viscosity media.

Medium containing solid particles (such as mud, suspension, coating)

Challenge: Solid particles may cause wear or clogging of the pump body.

Recommended pump type:

Diaphragm pump: suitable for media with high solid content and strong wear resistance.

Slurry pump: specially designed for conveying high-concentration granular media.

High-temperature chemicals (such as hot oil, molten sulfur)

Challenge: High temperature places high demands on the heat resistance of pump body materials and seals.

Recommended pump type:

High-temperature resistant centrifugal pump: made of heat-resistant alloy materials, suitable for high-temperature fluids.

Gear pump: suitable for high-temperature oil transportation to avoid failures caused by thermal expansion.

In the world of centrifugal pumps, the impeller is like the heart, and the differences in its types have a crucial impact on the performance and applications of centrifugal pumps. Today, let's take an in-depth look at the wonderful changes brought about by different impellers in centrifugal pumps.

I. Open Impeller: The Unrestrained Master of Flow

Flow Characteristics

Centrifugal pumps with open impellers are "giants" in the field of flow. There are no shrouds on either side of its blades, and the liquid flows through it as if on an open road, with minimal restraint. This free-flowing environment enables it to easily handle the demand for large flow rates of liquid transportation. Imagine in the vast farmland irrigation scenario, where clear water is continuously pumped from the water source. Through the centrifugal pump with an open impeller, it's like opening a highway for water, allowing a large amount of water to quickly flow into the fields to satisfy the thirst of crops. In cases where there is an extremely high demand for flow rate and the transported medium is relatively clean and not prone to clogging, the centrifugal pump with an open impeller is undoubtedly the top choice.

Head and Efficiency Characteristics

However, everything has two sides. The open impeller is somewhat inferior in terms of head. Due to the relatively dispersed flow of the liquid, when the impeller rotates to transfer energy, it cannot effectively convert the energy into the pressure energy of the liquid as other types of impellers do, so the head is relatively low. Moreover, because there is no restraint from shrouds, more energy is dissipated during the flow of the liquid, and backflow phenomena are likely to occur at the inlet and outlet of the impeller, which makes its efficiency relatively low among several types of impellers. However, in some low-head and large-flow drainage scenarios like temporarily draining rainwater on construction sites, the centrifugal pump with an open impeller can still exert its unique advantages.

Anti-Clogging and Wear Resistance Characteristics

When it comes to anti-clogging, the open impeller is a champion. It is like a large inclusive pocket, allowing certain-sized solid particles or impurities to pass through the impeller along with the liquid. This is especially outstanding when transporting liquids containing more impurities, such as river water with sediment or wastewater with fibers. However, this inclusiveness comes at a cost. Solid particles are likely to come into direct contact with the impeller blades, and after long-term operation, the blade wear problem will be quite prominent, and the wear resistance is relatively poor.

II. Semi-Closed Impeller: The Practitioner of the Balance Principle

Flow and Head Characteristics

The semi-closed impeller has a shroud on one side and none on the other, as if finding a balance point between the open and closed impellers. In terms of flow rate, it is between the two, with a larger flow rate than the closed impeller and a smaller one than the open impeller. Its unique structure makes the flow path of the liquid relatively more regular, which to some extent increases the liquid flow velocity. In terms of head, it also shows a moderate level. In the multi-story building water supply system, when the floor is not particularly high, the centrifugal pump with a semi-closed impeller is like a precise "water transporter", able to provide residents with an appropriate amount of water and water pressure just right to meet the domestic water demand.

Efficiency and Applicable Medium

The efficiency of the centrifugal pump with a semi-closed impeller is also between that of the open and closed impellers. The shroud on one side reduces the dissipation of liquid energy, making its running efficiency higher than that of the open impeller. In some simple industrial processes, such as general material transportation systems, it can maintain a certain running efficiency while meeting the requirements of flow rate and head. In terms of applicable medium, it can handle liquids containing a small amount of impurities. For example, in the food processing industry, when transporting fruit juice with a small amount of pulp particles, the centrifugal pump with a semi-closed impeller can ensure a certain flow rate and head without being easily affected by impurities.

III. Closed Impeller: The Elite of Head and Efficiency

Head and Efficiency Characteristics

The centrifugal pump with a closed impeller is an "excellent student" in both head and efficiency. The design with shrouds on both sides allows the liquid to flow orderly in the flow channels inside the impeller, just like a train running on rails. When the impeller rotates, it can efficiently transfer mechanical energy to the liquid, enabling the liquid to obtain higher pressure energy and thus generate a higher head. In the chemical process, when it is necessary to transport the liquid to a higher position or overcome a large resistance, the centrifugal pump with a closed impeller is like a powerful "power amplifier", playing a crucial role. Meanwhile, this precise flow channel design and good sealing performance result in less energy loss during the flow of the liquid, and the gap between the impeller and the pump shell can also be precisely controlled, further reducing leakage losses and thus ensuring a higher efficiency. In the long-term operation and in large urban water supply systems that are sensitive to energy consumption, the centrifugal pump with a closed impeller, relying on its high-efficiency and energy-saving characteristics, safeguards the urban water supply.

Anti-Clogging, Wear Resistance and Applicable Medium

However, the closed impeller also has its "temper". Due to the relatively small and closed flow channels, it is very sensitive to solid particles and is prone to clogging the flow channels. However, its wear resistance is quite good. Under reasonable design conditions, the liquid mainly flows inside the flow channels, and the impeller blades have few opportunities to come into contact with solid particles. Moreover, we can choose wear-resistant materials to make the impeller to further improve its wear resistance. Therefore, it is mainly used to transport pure liquids, such as clear water, various oils, chemical solutions, etc. In the pharmaceutical industry for transporting liquid medicine, in the electronic industry for transporting ultrapure water and other occasions where the purity requirement of the medium is extremely high, the centrifugal pump with a closed impeller is irreplaceable.

In conclusion, centrifugal pumps with different impellers are like craftsmen with different skills, shining brightly in different fields and working conditions. Understanding their characteristics can help us make more informed choices when selecting centrifugal pumps, allowing these "water spirits" to better serve our production and life.

Chinese pump manufacturers are rising at an alarming rate. Although they started later than developed countries in Europe and the United States, with the continuous development of the national economy and the maturity of computer Internet technology, China's pump industry research and development, design, and production are developing rapidly. In addition, Chinese pumps are opening up sales in the international market with "high cost performance", and have become core suppliers in the global industrial field with "technological innovation" and "advantages of the industrial chain".

Ⅰ. Unparalleled cost control capabilities of Chinese pump manufacturers

1. Labor cost advantage: The labor cost of Chinese pump companies is only 1/3 of that of European and American countries. Through additional intelligent equipment transformation, the production cost of a single pump is reduced by more than 40%.

2. Industrial belt advantage: Chinese pump manufacturers basically produce in the form of industrial belts. In Jingxian, where Anhui Changyu Pumps and Valves is located, a complete industrial chain from casting processing to assembly testing has been formed, and the supporting efficiency has been increased by 50%.

3. Large-scale production advantages: large production capacity, scale effect makes the price of products of the same specifications 30%-50% lower than that of international brands.

Ⅱ. Policy dividends boost industrial upgrading

Under China's national strategic "dual carbon" goal, high-efficiency and energy-saving pumps are included in the procurement priority list, which indirectly promotes the rapid development of Chinese pump companies and enables Chinese pump manufacturers to continuously develop and innovate to meet market procurement needs. In 1995, the China National Pump Standardization Technical Committee was formally established, and a series of design and manufacturing standards for industrial and civil pumps were published. The standardization management of product design and manufacturing, and Chinese pump manufacturers have since used the standard system to align with the international standards. More than 90% of products have passed international certifications such as CE, UL, and API, and their export compliance is leading the world.

Ⅲ. Technological innovation achieves overtaking

1: Intelligence: With the penetration of AI intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data, Chinese chemical pump manufacturers are rapidly adopting digital technology to improve the quality of their products and services. Connecting sensors and controllers through the Internet of Things (IoT) can achieve real-time monitoring and production optimization, realize automatic diagnosis and equipment safety functions, reduce downtime, and improve asset utilization. ‌

‌2: High efficiency‌: High-efficiency energy-saving pump equipment, nuclear main pumps, cryogenic submersible pumps, mixed-transmission booster pumps and other key equipment with high import dependence have become key investment areas in the industry. Under the government's call, Chinese chemical pump companies can significantly reduce energy consumption and improve equipment production efficiency by using energy-saving motors and inverters. New innovative materials and designs also contribute to the high efficiency of pumps. For example, the pump impeller with aerodynamic design can reduce the resistance and noise of the pump and increase the displacement. ‌

‌3‌: New materials‌: The application of high-performance engineering plastics solves the problems of high cost and heavy weight of traditional materials such as stainless steel, alloys, and ceramics. These new materials not only improve the performance of the pump, but also reduce the production cost, with superior performance and durability.

Ⅳ. Global service network builds competitiveness

1. Localized operation system: Many Chinese pump companies choose to build factories around the world to achieve 72-hour emergency order delivery, and even set up overseas warehouses to shorten the supply time of accessories to 48 hours

2. Customized solutions. Due to strong technical support, Chinese pump manufacturers can customize and develop solutions to industrial pumping needs according to local actual working conditions, realize customized solutions, and serve global industrial enterprises more professionally

Ⅴ. Domestic substitution accelerates the penetration of high-end markets

At present, the development of the global industrial pump market shows a sustained and stable trend. Industrial pump companies occupy an important position in the global market, mainly dominated by pump companies in Europe, the United States and Japan, and their technological advantages and technological leadership have not changed fundamentally.

At the same time, in China, there are more than 6,000 Chinese pump manufacturing companies across the country, of which more than 1,200 are above scale. These enterprises are growing steadily, improving their market competitiveness through technological innovation and product upgrades, increasing their total exports, and gradually narrowing the gap between their technical standards and those of developed countries, thus gradually accelerating their penetration into the global high-end market.

From "cost advantage" to "technological leadership", from "domestic substitution" to "global leadership", China's pump industry is completing a gorgeous transformation from "manufacturing" to "intelligent manufacturing". Choosing Chinese pumps is not only choosing cost-effective industrial equipment, but also choosing an innovative ecosystem that is synchronized with the world's top technologies.

In the complex and demanding world of chemical processing, chemical pumps are the workhorses that keep operations flowing. Among the various types of chemical pumps, the Chemical centrifugal pump, acid centrifugal pump, acid transfer pump, and chemical magnetic pump each have their unique characteristics and applications. However, they are also prone to a range of issues during daily operation that can disrupt production and pose safety risks.

1. Flow and Pressure Anomalies

The Chemical centrifugal pump, widely used for its high flow rate capabilities, may experience a decrease in flow. This could be due to a clogged suction line. In a chemical plant environment, solid particles, sediments, or even chemical precipitates can accumulate and block the inlet. For example, in a process where a Chemical centrifugal pump is handling a solution with suspended solids, over time, these solids can build up and reduce the effective cross-sectional area of the suction pipe, impeding the fluid's entry into the pump. Similarly, an acid centrifugal pump dealing with corrosive acids might face flow issues if the acid reacts with impurities in the system, forming deposits that clog the pump internals.

Low pressure output is another common problem. If the impeller of a Chemical centrifugal pump is damaged or worn, it cannot impart sufficient energy to the fluid, resulting in a lower pressure head. In the case of an acid transfer pump, a leak in the discharge line can cause a drop in pressure. Even a small crack or loose connection in the piping downstream of the pump can lead to a significant reduction in the pressure available to transport the acid to the desired location.

2. Corrosion and Material Degradation

Acid centrifugal pumps and acid transfer pumps are constantly exposed to corrosive acids. The materials of construction, although selected for their acid resistance, can still degrade over time. For instance, if the wrong grade of stainless steel is used in an acid centrifugal pump, it may start to corrode, leading to pitting and weakening of the pump casing and impeller. Chemical magnetic pumps, which often have components made of non-metallic materials to handle corrosive fluids, can also face issues. The magnetic drive coupling, which is a critical part of the chemical magnetic pump, can be affected by corrosive vapors or liquids seeping into the coupling area. This can cause the magnetic coupling to lose its efficiency or even fail completely, disrupting the pump's operation.

3. Seal Failures

Seals are essential in chemical pumps to prevent leaks and maintain the integrity of the pumping system. In acid transfer pumps and acid centrifugal pumps, the mechanical seals are under constant stress due to the corrosive nature of the fluids. The seal faces can be eroded or chemically attacked, leading to leaks. If the seal is not properly installed or maintained, the chances of failure increase. For chemical magnetic pumps, the seals around the magnetic drive also need to be carefully maintained. A leak in the seal of a chemical magnetic pump can not only cause a loss of fluid but also affect the magnetic coupling's performance, as the presence of leaked fluid in the coupling area can disrupt the magnetic field and lead to a decrease in pumping efficiency.

4. Cavitation

Cavitation is a serious issue that can affect all types of chemical pumps. In a Chemical centrifugal pump, when the local pressure at the impeller inlet drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped, vapor bubbles form. These bubbles then collapse in the higher pressure regions of the pump, creating shock waves that can damage the impeller and other internal components. For acid centrifugal pumps and acid transfer pumps, the corrosive nature of the fluid can make the damage caused by cavitation even more severe. Cavitation can be caused by factors such as a restricted suction line, operating the pump at too high a speed, or a significant change in the fluid's temperature or pressure.

5. Vibration and Noise

Excessive vibration and noise in chemical pumps can indicate underlying problems. An unbalanced impeller in a Chemical centrifugal pump can cause vibration. This could be due to manufacturing defects, wear and tear, or the accumulation of deposits on the impeller. In acid transfer pumps and acid centrifugal pumps, the corrosive environment can also contribute to the degradation of bearings and other moving parts, leading to increased vibration. Chemical magnetic pumps may experience vibration if the magnetic coupling is misaligned or if there is a problem with the rotor balance. High levels of vibration not only reduce the lifespan of the pump but can also cause damage to the piping and other connected equipment.

6. Electrical and Motor Problems

The motors driving chemical pumps can encounter various issues. Overheating of the motor in a Chemical centrifugal pump can occur due to excessive load, poor ventilation, or a malfunctioning cooling system. If the motor bearings fail, it can lead to increased friction and heat generation, potentially causing the motor to seize. In the case of chemical magnetic pumps, problems with the electrical supply to the magnetic coupling can disrupt the pump's operation. An electrical short in the wiring or a malfunctioning controller can prevent the magnetic coupling from working properly, rendering the pump inoperative.

In conclusion, the proper operation of Chemical centrifugal pumps, acid centrifugal pumps, acid transfer pumps, and chemical magnetic pumps is crucial for the smooth running of chemical processes. Understanding the potential problems that can occur during daily operation and implementing preventive maintenance measures, such as regular inspections, proper material selection, and correct installation and operation procedures, can help to minimize downtime, increase the lifespan of the pumps, and ensure the safety and efficiency of chemical production.

Anhui Changyu Pump & Valve Co., Ltd. is located in the Pump & Valve Industrial Park of Jingxian County, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province. The fluoroplastic lined pumps produced in our park occupy about 70% of the market share in China. In recent years, they have been widely recognized by customers all over the country and overseas. The following are the main reasons why fluoroplastic lined centrifugal pumps are popular in the market:

1. Excellent corrosion resistance

1) Excellent material properties

Fluoroplastics (such as PTFE, FEP, PFA) have extremely strong corrosion resistance and can withstand almost all strong acids (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid) and strong alkalis (such as sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, etc.), as well as a variety of organic solvents and oxidizing media.

Even in high temperature or high concentration media environment, fluorine-lined materials can maintain their chemical stability to ensure that the pump body is not corroded.

2) Adapt to complex media

It can effectively deal with mixed media (acid-base mixtures), strong oxidizing media (such as aqua regia, chlorine), volatile chemicals (such as mercury vapor, dichloromethane, methanol), etc., and has a wide range of applications.

In the transportation of corrosive liquids, the corrosion resistance of fluorine-lined plastics is better than that of ordinary stainless steel and alloy materials, and it is an ideal choice for handling highly corrosive chemicals.

2. High cost performance and economic benefits

1) Replace expensive metal pumps

Compared with pumps made of expensive materials such as titanium alloy and Hastelloy, fluoroplastic lined centrifugal pumps are cheaper but can provide similar corrosion resistance.

For many small and medium-sized enterprises, fluoroplastic lined pumps are an economical and efficient solution.

2) Long life and low maintenance cost

Fluorine-lined materials are not only corrosion-resistant, but also wear-resistant, which extends the service life of the pump.

The pump body has a simple structure and is easy to maintain, reducing downtime and maintenance costs.

3. Advanced design and reliable performance

1) No leakage and high safety

Fluoroplastic lined centrifugal pumps are usually equipped with mechanical seals or magnetic drive designs to greatly reduce the risk of leakage, such as our UHB series fluoroplastic mortar pumps from Changyu Pumps and Valves.

Suitable for conveying flammable, explosive, highly toxic or corrosive liquids to ensure the safety of operators and the environment.

2) Excellent structural design

Fluoroplastic-lined and pump body substrates are closely combined, which can withstand high-intensity mechanical stress and resist chemical erosion of the medium.

The high-efficiency hydraulic design makes the pump run more smoothly and reduces energy consumption.

4. Wide range of application scenarios

1) Chemical industry

Transports a variety of corrosive media such as strong acids, strong alkalis, and organic solvents.

Applied to processes such as pickling and electroplating liquid circulation.

2) Environmental protection industry

Used for acid-base adjustment and waste liquid transportation in wastewater treatment.

Deal with the safe discharge of highly corrosive waste liquid.

3) Pharmaceutical industry

Transports high-purity, highly corrosive chemicals to ensure the quality and safety of drug production.

4) Metallurgical industry

Transports ore slurry pickling liquid and extraction liquid to solve the corrosive problem in metal processing.

5. Drivers of market demand growth

1) Promotion of environmental regulations

Strict environmental regulations and special working conditions require reducing leakage and pollution, and the leakage-free characteristics of fluoroplastic lined pumps fit this trend.

2) Rapid development of the chemical industry

The increasing demand for corrosion-resistant and high-efficiency pump equipment in the chemical industry has further promoted the market share of fluoroplastic lined pumps.

3) Continuous technological innovation

The improvement of fluoroplastic lined materials and pump body structure has continuously improved product performance and adapted to more complex working conditions. It has extremely high compatibility with other pump parts (such as sealing, gaskets and bearings) and can be flexibly configured in the face of different transport media.

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If you are looking for a fluoroplastic lined centrifugal pump suitable for your working conditions, please consult us and we will provide you with a tailor-made solution.

Lab-companion, whom we committed to delivering high-quality environmental testing equipment that serves the diverse needs of various industries. As industry leaders, we offer a range of products that ensure reliable testing and quality assurance for your operations.

Our thermal chambers can operate within a temperature range of 0°C to + 200°C and a humidity range of 5% to 98% RH. These chambers provide stable, long-term test conditions, making them compliant with the ICH Q1A guideline and ideal for a multitude of applications.

Learn more about thermal chambers below and how they can help ensure longevity and reliability for all your testing needs.

WHAT ARE TEMPERATURE CHAMBERS?

Temperature Chambers, often interchangeably referred to as Thermal Chambers, are specialized enclosures designed to create controlled thermal environments.

These chambers enable precise temperature simulations ranging from extreme cold to elevated heat to provide a stable setting where researchers can test products or materials for their resilience, durability, and overall performance.

The role of temperature chambers is pivotal in research and development phases across industries. Temperature chambers subject a product to various thermal conditions it is likely to encounter in the real world.

This simulative testing is essential to quality assurance processes, ensuring that products meet the safety and performance standards required.

By replicating various temperature scenarios, temperature chambers allow manufacturers and researchers to identify potential design flaws early, thus saving both time and resources in the long run.

HOW DO THERMAL CHAMBERS WORK?

A thermal chamber is a complex assembly of various components that create a controlled thermal environment. At its core are heating and cooling systems that can generate the required temperatures. These systems often use electric heaters for heating and a combination of compressors and refrigerants for cooling.

Insulation is critical to maintaining the chamber’s internal environment. Specialized materials help ensure that temperature changes are well-contained. Airflow management is also key; fans and ducts circulate the air to create uniform conditions throughout the chamber.

The “brains” of a thermal chamber are its controls and sensors. These are responsible for monitoring the temperature and ensuring it remains within set parameters.

Many thermal chambers utilize PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers to maintain temperature accuracy. PID controllers continuously calculate the difference between the desired and current temperatures, making real-time adjustments to the heating and cooling systems to keep the temperature within a predefined range.

All these components come together to power a system that can simulate a wide range of temperature conditions, making thermal chambers invaluable tools in product development and quality assurance processes.

TEMPERATURE CHAMBERS: INDUSTRIES AND APPLICATIONS

Temperature or thermal chambers are versatile tools that find applications across numerous industries. Their role in simulating various temperature conditions makes them indispensable for research, development, and quality assurance.

• AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

In the automotive sector, thermal chambers test components like engines, batteries, and HVAC systems. These tests help manufacturers ensure that vehicles can withstand extreme weather conditions, be it the cold of a frigid winter or the heat of a scorching desert.

• ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

For electronics, thermal chambers help ensure that devices like smartphones, laptops, and other gadgets operate effectively across various temperatures. For example, humidity condition tests are crucial for consumer satisfaction and safety, ensuring that devices won’t fail when exposed to extreme conditions.

• MEDICAL/PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

In the medical and pharmaceutical sectors, thermal chambers are essential for testing the stability and shelf-life of drugs and the reliability of medical devices. From vaccines to pacemakers, stability testing ensures these critical products operate safely and efficiently.

• AEROSPACE INDUSTRY

The aerospace sector often utilizes thermal chambers to test components that will endure extreme conditions in space or high-altitude flight. Aerospace manufacturers must test everything from materials used in aircraft bodies to the electronics in satellite systems to ensure resilience, reliability, and safety.

TYPES OF TESTS CONDUCTED IN THERMAL CHAMBERS

Thermal chambers are highly versatile and capable of performing an array of tests that simulate different environmental conditions. Some of the most common tests include:

• Thermal Cycling: This test exposes the subject to various temperatures, oscillating between cold and hot conditions, to assess its resilience and pinpoint any potential weaknesses.
• Thermal Shock: Here, the product is subjected to abrupt temperature changes to evaluate its ability to withstand sudden temperature fluctuations, a frequent cause of failure for numerous devices.
• High-Temperature Testing: This test assesses the subject’s ability to function in extremely high temperatures, often for extended periods.
• Low-Temperature Testing: This test evaluates how well a product can function at cold temperatures, often freezing or below.
• Temperature Humidity Testing: This test combines both temperature and humidity variables. While thermal chambers mainly focus on temperature conditions, they can often incorporate humidity settings to some extent. This is where they differ from humidity chambers, which primarily control moisture levels.

If you’re looking for a chamber that controls temperature and humidity, Lab-companion offers specialized chambers that provide the best of both worlds.

EXPLORE LAB-COMPANION’S TEMPERATURE CHAMBERS

When it comes to reliability and efficiency, our product catalog stands out for several compelling reasons:

• Accelerated Testing: With advanced heating and cooling systems, our chambers are designed for rapid temperature cycling, allowing for quicker test completion without compromising the accuracy of results.
• Reliable Results: The chambers are equipped with cutting-edge sensors and controls, ensuring that you receive consistent and reliable data throughout the testing process.
• Cost-Efficiency: Investing in a high-quality temperature chamber like those offered by us can significantly reduce long-term testing costs. Their durability and low maintenance requirements make them a cost-effective choice for any organization.
• Customizable Settings: Lab-companion offers a high degree of customization, allowing you to tailor the testing environment according to the specific needs of your product, further enhancing the accuracy of your tests.

Understanding the ins and outs of temperature chambers is essential for anyone involved in product development, research, or quality assurance across various industries.

These chambers play a crucial role in simulating different environmental conditions, enabling organizations to rigorously test their products for safety, reliability, and durability. From automotive and electronics to aerospace and pharmaceuticals, the applications are as diverse as they are crucial.

If you’re looking to elevate your testing processes, you can’t afford to overlook the value of a top-tier temperature chamber.

Contact us at the bottom of the page for more information.

Some companies equip their refrigeration systems with a wide array of components, ensuring that every part mentioned in textbooks is included. However, is it truly necessary to install all these components? Does installing all of them always bring benefits? Let's analyze this matter and share some insights with fellow enthusiasts. Whether these insights are correct or not is open to interpretation.

Oil Separator

An oil separator allows most of the compressor lubricating oil carried out from the compressor discharge port to return. A small portion of the oil must circulate through the system before it can return with the refrigerant to the compressor suction port. If the system's oil return is not smooth, oil can gradually accumulate in the system, leading to reduced heat exchange efficiency and compressor oil starvation. Conversely, for refrigerants like R404a, which have limited solubility in oil, an oil separator can increase the saturation of oil in the refrigerant. For large systems, where the piping is generally wider and oil return is more efficient, and the oil volume is larger, an oil separator is quite suitable. However, for small systems, the key to oil return lies in the smoothness of the oil path, making the oil separator less effective.

Liquid Accumulator

A liquid accumulator prevents uncondensed refrigerant from entering or minimally entering the circulation system, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. However, it also leads to increased refrigerant charge and lower condensation pressure. For small systems with limited circulation flow, the goal of liquid accumulation can often be achieved through improved piping processes.

Evaporator Pressure Regulating Valve

An evaporator pressure regulating valve is typically used in dehumidification systems to control the evaporation temperature and prevent frost formation on the evaporator. However, in single-stage circulation systems, using an evaporator pressure regulating valve requires the installation of a refrigeration return solenoid valve, complicating the piping structure and hindering system fluidity. Currently, most test chambers do not include an evaporator pressure regulating valve.

Heat Exchanger

A heat exchanger offers three benefits: it can subcool the condensed refrigerant, reducing premature vaporization in the piping; it can fully vaporize the return refrigerant, reducing the risk of liquid slugging; and it can enhance system efficiency. However, the inclusion of a heat exchanger complicates the system's piping. If the piping is not arranged with careful craftsmanship, it can increase pipe losses, making it less suitable for companies producing in small batches.

Check Valve

In systems used for multiple circulation branches, a check valve is installed at the return port of inactive branches to prevent refrigerant from flowing back and accumulating in the inactive space. If the accumulation is in gaseous form, it does not affect system operation; the main concern is preventing liquid accumulation. Therefore, not all branches require a check valve.

Suction Accumulator

For refrigeration systems in environmental testing equipment with variable operating conditions, a suction accumulator is an effective means to avoid liquid slugging and can also help regulate refrigeration capacity. However, a suction accumulator also interrupts the system's oil return, necessitating the installation of an oil separator. For units with Tecumseh fully enclosed compressors, the suction port has an adequate buffer space that provides some vaporization, allowing the omission of a suction accumulator. For units with limited installation space, a hot bypass can be set up to vaporize excess return liquid.

Cooling Capacity PID Control

Cooling capacity PID control is notably effective in operational energy savings. Moreover, in thermal balance mode, where temperature field indicators are relatively poor around room temperature (approximately 20°C), systems with cooling capacity PID control can achieve ideal indicators. It also performs well in constant temperature and humidity control, making it a leading technology in refrigeration systems for environmental testing products. Cooling capacity PID control comes in two types: time proportion and opening proportion. Time proportion controls the on-off ratio of the refrigeration solenoid valve within a time cycle, while opening proportion controls the conduction amount of the electronic expansion valve.

However, in time proportion control, the lifespan of the solenoid valve is a bottleneck. Currently, the best solenoid valves on the market have an estimated lifespan of only 3-5 years, so it's necessary to calculate whether the maintenance costs are lower than the energy savings. In opening proportion control, electronic expansion valves are currently expensive and not easily available on the market. Being a dynamic balance, they also face lifespan issues.